The majority of the harvest comes from Robusta coffee, especially in southern Sumatra. Meanwhile, Arabica coffee excels in highland regions such as Gayo, Mandailing, Toraja, and Flores.
The Largest and Most Famous Coffee-Producing Regions in Indonesia
The following are the main coffee-producing regions that have the most influence on the national economy and exports:
1. Aceh: Home of the World-Famous Gayo Coffee
The Gayo Highlands in Central Aceh are at an altitude of 1,200–1,600 meters. The result: Arabica coffee with a spicy aroma, gentle acidity, and a sweet aftertaste.
Annual production: ±70,000 tons
Main markets: United States, Japan, Europe
Certification: Geographical Indication (GI) Gayo Coffee
Gayo coffee is an iconic Indonesian export. From the mountains of Aceh, the beans are transported to the ports of Belawan and Surabaya via sea shipping.
2. North Sumatra: Mandailing and Lintong Nihuta
North Sumatra is known as the center of classic Indonesian Arabica coffee. Mandailing coffee has a strong, slightly bitter character and a cinnamon aroma.
Meanwhile, Lintong coffee tends to be smooth and clean, suitable for espresso blends.
Annual production: ±120,000 tons
Average exports: 40% to Europe
Main centers: Mandailing Natal, Humbang Hasundutan, North Tapanuli
This coffee has penetrated the international market since the Dutch colonial era.